Windmill



, (No Model.) l

. G. H. PATTISON,

. WINDMILL. No.'317.1856. Y Patnted May 5, `1885.

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UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE.

l GEORGE H. rArTIsoN, or FREEPORT, ILLINOIS.

SPECIFICATION forming part f Letters Ptellt NO. 317,186, dated May 5, 1885.

Application filed Julie 12,1884. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE H. PATIIsON,

` a resident of Freeport,in the county ofStephenson and State of Illinois, haveinvented. `cer` tain new and useful Improvements in Windmills;and I do hereby declare the following to be a'full, clear, and exact description of the invention', such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and'use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in windmills of the class in which the power of the wind-wheel is expended in rotating a vertical shaft connected with any desired mechanism, and more especially it relates to devices for overcoming or preventing the tendency of the wind-wheel in that class of mills to go out of the wind in consequence of the reaction or resistance of the work to be performed. The mechanism employed for this purpose is fully explained and described in the following pages and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a central vertical section of a windmilltower, in which is arranged gearing constituting one form of Iny invention, and Fig. 2, a central Vertical section of a tower in which is arranged gearing constituting a slightly modified form of the invention."

In all these views the arrows on the gears indicate motions in the same directions as if the gears were shown in elevation instead of pendent from its center and rotating freely in the bearing D. A horizontal wind-wheel shaft, c, is journaled in the turn-table C, and may be rotated by awind-.wheel of any desired form mounted rigidly on its outer end. On the inner endof the wind-wheel shaft is rigidly mounted a miter-gea-r, F, which engages ;with a similar gear, E, rigidly mounted onv a preferably hollow vertical shaft, M,whose up Iper-'end is journaled in the top of the turnltable, while its lower end rests and is journaled in a short sleeve, f, rigidly attached to,`

loosely mounted on a stationary horizontal shaft, e, keyed in the brace V. The gear I engages with the upper face, J,of a double-faced horizontal miter-gear, J J ,mounted loosely on the shaft M, and the lower face, J, of said gear meshes with a vertical miter-gear, K, loosely mounted on a short shaft, a, which is keyed in a vertical arm, l?, formed integrally with a` crank, P', Vwhich is rigidly fastened to and turns with the shaft M. The vertical gear K engages, also, with, a similar horizontal gear, L, rigidly mounted on and turningwith` the lshaft M. The shaft M is supported'either by .a collar, m, fastened on its upper end above the top plate of the turntable, or by the sleeve f,which is represented as sustaining the gear L. A collar, m', fastened to the shaft M, supports the gear `J J', and suitable collars, m m, hold in place the gears IK, respectively.

The movement of the mechanism shown in Fig. l, so far as the same arises from the rotation of the wind-wheel shaft and not from the rotation of the turn-table, is as follows: Supposing the wind-wheel, the shaft c, and the gear F to turn in the direction lindicated by the arrow on the gear, -the Vgear, E must turn in the direction indicated by the corresponding arrow, and the gear L, rigidly mounted on the same shaft M that carries the gear E, must move in the same direction therewith, and since the power of the mill is communicated, primarily, to the gear E, to be by it transmitted to the work below, the reaction of the work through the gear E must tend to turn the wind-wheel and its shaft together with the turn-table in which the shaft is journaled in a direction opposed to the direction of 'rol t-ation ofthe gear E-that is, in the direction indicated by the arrow on the top plate of the turn-table. The rotation of the gear L turns the gear K on its shaft in the direction indicated by the arrow thereon, and the rotation of the gear K, could it be transmitted through the gears J J, I, and H would turn them in the directions indicated by their respective arrows-that is to say, the tendency of the gear K 'to turn the train of gearing connected with it, resolves itself into a tendency to turn the gear H in the direction indicated by the arrow thereon and in the direction opposed to that in which the turn-table tends to rotate under the influence of the reaction of the work through the gear E. Since the gear H and the turn-table are formed in a single piece, or rigidly connected, the reaction of the work through the gear E neutralizes the reaction of the gear K through the train of gears ending with the gear H, and therefore the rotation of the wind-wheel shaft in its bearing does not turn the gears J I H, and since thegears J I H do not turn on their axes under the infiuence of the gear K the latter, in order to rotate on its shaft, must roll about the gear J in the direc tion of rotation of the gear L. This it accordingly does, carrying with it the arm I? and crank P, and turning the shaft M in the direction indicated by the arrow on the crank P-that is, in the same direction as that in which the shaft M turns; hence it appears, first, that the resistance offered by the work to the rotation of the vertical shaft reacts equally in two opposite directions on the turntable C, and therefore has no tendency to rotate the turn-table; and, second, that so long as the wind-wheel shaft turns in its bearing without rotating about the vertical axis of the mill the two shafts M M must rotate iu the same direction. If, however, the turn-table be rotated while the wind-wheel shaft is prevented from turning in its bearing, the gears E H L must all turn in the same direction, and the gear J J must turn in the opposite direct-ion to the gear L and at the same rate of speed as that of said gear. The consequence of this opposite rotation of the gears J L must be to turn the gear K on its shaft without rotating or tending to rotate it about the vertical axis of the mill. In other words, the rotating of the turn-table has no tendency whatever to turn the shaft M or to perform any work whatever, and therefore the work offers no resistance to the rotation of the turntable, as the mill regulates or governs.

The mechanism shown in Fig. 2 is substantially the same as that shown in Fig. l. rIhe tower A, plate D, turn-table C, shaft c, gears F E H I J J K L, and shafts M M have precisely the same functions as the similarly-let tered parts in Fig l. The position of the gear E below instead of above the gear F reverses the direction of the rotary forces throughout the entire mechanism, and the change in the form of the double gear J J necessitates certain changes in the relative positions of the gears J J K L; but the resultof the combined motions is the same as in the other mechanism. rIhe reaction of the work through the gear E tends to turn the turn-table in one direction, while the reaction through the gear K tends to turn it in the opposite direction. The two reactions are equal and neutralize each other, and the turn-table is therefore unaffected by the resistance of the work. In this mechanism, as in the other, the rotation of the wind-wheel shaft in its bearings tends to turn the shafts M M in the same direction and at the same speed, while the rotation of the turntable tends to rotate the shaft M without affecting the shaft M; and it is evident that in bot-h these forms the rotation of the windwheel shaft in its bearings at the same time that the turn-table rotates about the verticalY axis of the mill must turn both the shafts M M, but at different rates of speed, the question which of the two shafts moves the faster being determined by the direction of rotation of the turn-table. In both the forms the turntable, which forms the bearing of the windwheel shaft, has a gear formed integrally on or rigidly attached to it, and this turntable gear is connected and combined with a train of gearing, one element of which is a gearwheel rigidly mounted on the windwheel shaft. Another element, intermediate between the geared turn -table and the gear on the wind-wheel shaft, is the loosely-mounted gear K, free to rotate about its own axis and also about 'the'axis of rotation of its support, Yand it is by means of this combination of gearing that the wind-wheel shaft rotates in its bearing without rotating the turn-table, and the turn-table rotates about the vertical axis of the mill without rotating the wind-wheel shaft in its bearing.

In both the mills hereinabove described and shown in the drawings the two hollow shafts M M are in the same vertical line and form a continuous tube. This is important, since the cordV for drawing the mill into or out of the wind can pass downward from the mill through this tube, and works much freer than when it passes through a tortuous and obstructed course. I consider it preferable to take the power from the vertical shaft M at the base of the mill rather than to transmit it from said shaft to other mechanism higher up in the tower and thence to the base of the mill, as is done in other mills of this general class.

I am aware that some of the features of the mechanisms shown and described in this ap.

plication are covered by the claims of my Patent No. 308,375, dated November 25, 1884.

Without enumerating or speciying here the features or elements covered by the claims of said prior application, I hereby disclaim generally, so far as this application is concerned, any novelty for the parts so covered already, and I hereby state that I do not desire or in- IOO IIC

tend to claim such kparts in this application, except it Abe in connection with other elements forming novel combinations. I

Having now .described and explained my invention, what I claim as new, and desire' to tate about the vertical axis of the mill, a windwheel shaft journaled in the turn-table, and a L gear-wheel rigidly attached thereto, two independently-rotating Vertical shafts adapted to transmit the power of mill to other mechanism, and a train of gearing, substantially as shown and described, connecting. the wind- `wheel shaft, the two Vertical shafts, and the geared turn-table, whereby the rotation of the wind-wheel shaft in its bearing turns said Vertical shafts in the same direction.

` 2. In a windmill of the class described, the

combination of a geared turn-table free to rotate about the Vertical axis of the mill, a wind wheel shaft journaled in said turn-table, two independently-rotating Vertical shafts lying in the same straight line and adapted to transmit the power of the mill to other machinery, and gearing, substantially as shown and described, connecting said wind-wheel shaft, said two vertical shafts, and the gearing of said turn-table, whereby the rotation of the windwheel shaft in its bearing rotates said vertical shafts in the same direction and at the same rate of speed.

e. In a windmill of the dass described, the

combination of a geared turn-table rotating freely about the Vertical axis of the mill, a wind-wheel shaft journaled in said turn-table, two independently rotating Vertical shafts adapted to transmit the power of the mill to other machinery, and gearing, substantially as shown and described, connecting said windwheel shaft, said vertical shafts, and the gearing of said turn-table, whereby the rotation of the turn-table about the Vertical axis of the mill rotates one of said Vertical shafts, but not the other.

4. In a windmill of the class described, the combination of a geared turntable rotating freely about the vertical axis of the mill, a wind-wheel shaft journaled in said turn-table, two independently rotating vertical shafts standing in the same straight line and adapted to transmit the power of the mill to other mechanism, and gearing, substantially as shown and described, connecting said windwheel shaft, said vertical shafts, and the gearing of said turn-table, whereby the simultaneous rotation of the turn-table y about the vertical axis of the mill and of the wind-wheel shaft in its bearing rotates said vertical shafts in the same direction, but at different rates of speed.

5. In a windmill of the class described, the combination of a geared turn-table rotating freely about the vertical axis of the mill, a wind-wheel shaft journaled in said turn-table, two independently-rotating vertical shafts 4adapted to transmit the power of the mill-to lother mechanism, and gearing, substantially as shown and described, connecting saidwind.-

1wheel sh aft, said Vertical shafts, and the gearl ing of said turn-table, whereby the rotation of the wind-wheel shaft in its bearing rotates both of said vertical shafts in the same direction, and whereby the rotation of theyturn table rotates one of said vertical shafts, but not `the other.

e. In a windmill of the dass described, the?" combination of a geared turn-table freeto rotate about the Vertical axis of the. mill, a wind ,wheel shaft journaled' in said turn-table, two independently-rotating vertical shaftsstandf ing in the same straight line and adapted to* transmit the power of the `mill to the work toA be performedv thereby, and gearing, substanwind`wheel shaft, the two Vertical shafts, and the gearing of the turn-table, whereby the reaction of the work performed tends to retard the rotation of the wind-wheel` shaft in its bearing, but not to rotate the turn-table about the vertical axis of the mill. f

7. The combination of the turn-table C and gear H, rigidly fastened thereto, the windwheel shaft c, journaled in the turn-table, and the gear-wheel F, mounted rigidly on said shaft, the independentlyrotating vertical shafts M M', and gears E L, rigidly mounted on said sh aft M, the gear K, engaging with the gear L, and means connecting said gear with the shaft M, and adapted to insure uniform rotation of said gear and shaft about the Vertical IOO axis of the mill, and gearing connecting said table, whereby the rotation of the shaft c rotates the shafts M M in the same direction, and the rotation of the turn-table rotates the shaft and described, and for the purpose set forth.

M, but not the shaft M', substantially as shown 8. The combination of the turn-table C and gear H, rigidly attached thereto, the Windwheel shaft c, jonrnaled in said turn-table, the vertical power-transmitting shaft M', the

loosely-mounted gear-wheel K, free to rotate'` on its shaft andto rotate about the vertical axis of the mill and connected with the shaft M by means adapted to insure the uniform rotation of the gear and the shaft about the vertical axis of the mill, and gearing connecting sa-id gear K with the wind-wheel shaft and with the gear H, whereby the rotation of the 4cal shaft M, and the loosely-mounted gear-` wheel K, free to rotate on its own axis and about the shaft M, and gearing connecting said gear K with the wind-wheel shaft and with the gear H, whereby the rotation of the windwheel shaft iin its bearing rotates said geary. wheel about the shaft M, while the rotation of the turn-table rotates said gear on .its shaft, but

not about the shaft M.

10. The combination of the geared turn-table C, free to rotate about the vertical axis of Y the mill, the gearwheel I, mounted on ashaft gear H, rigidly attached thereto, the shaft c and gear F, the shaft M, the gear E, mounted on the shaft M and engaging with the gear F, the gear L, mounted on the shaft M, and gearing connecting the gear L and the gear H,

none element of the train of gearing connecting the gears L and H being a loosely-mounted gear capable of rotation about its own shaft and at the same time capable of rotation about an axis at right angles to its shaft.

12. The combination of the turn-table C and gear H, rigidly attached thereto,the shaft c and gear F, the shaft M and gears E and L, and the gears I, J, J, and K, together with suitable supports for said gears, all constructed, combined, and operating, substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose set forth.

V13. In a windmill of the class described, the combination of a rotating geared turntable,a wind-wheel shaft journaled therein, two independently-journaled vertical shafts, andgearing connecting said turn-table and said Vertical shafts,whereby the rotation of the turn-table rotates the upper but not the lower of said vertical shafts.

14. In a windmill of the class described, the combination of a rotating geared turn-table, a wind-wheel shaft journaled therein, a loosely mounted gear-wheel free to rotate about its own axis and about the axis of revolution of its movable support, and gearing connecting said loosely-mounted gear with said turn-table and with, said wind-wheel shaft, whereby the rotation of the wind-wheel shaft in its bearings rotates said loosely-mounted gear about its own axis and about the axis of rotation of its support, while the rotation of the turntable rotates said gear on its own axis, but not about the axis of rotation of its support.

15. In a mill of the class described,the combination of a suitably-journaled wind-wheel shaft, a geared turn-table free to rotate about the vertical axis of the mill, and a chain of gearing connecting the wind-wheel shaft, the turn-table, and the machinery to be operated, one element of said gearing being a looselymounted gear-wheel free to rotate about its own axis and about the axis of rotationof its movable support, whereby the rotation of the turn-table has no tendency to cause the rotation of the wind-wheel shaft in its bearing, and the rotation of the wind-wheel shaft in its bearing has no tendency to cause the rotation of the turn-table.

16. In a windmill of the class described,the combination of a geared turn-table rotating freely about the vertical axis' of the mill, a wind-wheel shaft j ournaled in said turn-table, two independently rotating vertical shafts adapted to transmit the power of the mill to other mechanism, and a train of gearing connecting said wind-wheel shaft, said Vertical shafts, and the gearing of said turntable,one element of said train of gearing being a loosely-mounted gear-wheel free to rotate about its own axis and about the axis of revolution of its movable support, whereby the rotation of the wind-wheel shaft in its bearing rotates both of said vertical shafts, and the rotation of the turn-table rotates the upper but not the -lower of said vertical shafts.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

GEORGE H. PATTISON.

Witnesses:

Gos. CHAFFEE, T. D. WILooxoN. 

